Northern Pomo Phrasicon

nakan bitaa datʰaʔna:ma:n jawinaman
	nakan	bitaa	datʰaʔ	-na:m	-ma:n	jawina	-ma	-n
	because	black bear	old woman	-the	-she	run	-cont.	-ing
so then Bear Old Lady was running so then Bear Old Lady ran
EC

tsinakan t̪a jini: donʔaʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	jini:	don	-ʔa	-ʔ
	why	Q	bread	make	-passive	-Q
why is bread being made?
EC

tsinakan t̪a jini: donʔayʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	jini:	don	-ʔa	-y	-ʔ
	why	Q	bread	make	-passive	-past	-Q
why was bread made?
EC

tsinakan t̪a ʔal jini: donʔayʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	ʔal	jini:	don	-ʔa	-y	-ʔ
	why	Q	this	bread	make	-passive	-past	-Q
why was this bread made?
EC

nan k'o nakan t̪a ma mu:l bila:yʔ
	nan	k'o	nakan	t̪a	ma	mu:l	bila:	-y	-ʔ
	and	what	because	Q	you	that	buy	-past	-Q
and what did you buy that for?
EC

k'o nakan t̪a ma mu:l bila:yʔ
	k'o	nakan	t̪a	ma	mu:l	bila:	-y	-ʔ
	what	because	Q	you	that	buy	-past	-Q
what did you buy that for?
EC

nan k'o nakan t̪a ma mu:l bila:ʔ
	nan	k'o	nakan	t̪a	ma	mu:l	bila:	-ʔ
	and	what	because	Q	you	that	buy	-Q
and what did you buy that for? (2)
EC

tsinakan t̪a ma mu:l bila:ʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	ma	mu:l	bila:	-ʔ
	why	Q	you	that	buy	-Q
why did you buy that?
EC

nan k'o nakan t̪a ma mu:l bila:ʔ mu:l t̪a ma kʰets'ama: maʔakʰeʔ

nan

t̪a

-ʔ

t̪a

-kʰe

-ʔ

and

what

because

you

that

buy

-Q

that

you

winter

eat

-future

-Q

and what did you buy that for? will you eat that this winter?

ma:n minakan ʔa: duhu
	ma:n	mina	-ka	-n	ʔa:	duhu
	she	cry	-cause	-ing	I	go
she is crying so I left because she is crying, I left
EC

ma:n minay nakan ʔa: duhu
	ma:n	mina	-y	nakan	ʔa:	duhu
	she	cry	-past	because	I	go
she cried so I left
EC

mo:w duhudo nakan ʔa: mina
	mo:w	duhu	-do	nakan	ʔa:	mina
	he	go	-evid.	because	I	cry
(I) heard he left so I cried
EC

mo:w minakan ma:n xamalhu
	mo:w	mina	-ka	-n	ma:n	xamal	-hu
	he	cry	-cause	-ing	she	back	-go
because he cried, she went back
EC

minakan shinuʔya
	min	-nakan	shinuʔ	-ya
	thus	-because	drunk	-passive
that is why (they) got drunk
EC

ʔa:mi-t'iy pʰow wayʔe jaw pʰiliji nakan kʰila: ʔa: na
	ʔa:mi-t'iy	pʰow	wayʔe	ja	-w	pʰili	-ji	nakan	kʰila:	ʔa:	na
	my younger brother	they	early	house	-dir.	go.plural	-semelf.	because	alone	I	be
my younger siblings went home earlier so I am alone "went home" in this instance is another way of saying "died".
EC

maʔamaʔant̪ʰin mo:w nakan ʔa: maʔa kaxa:kʰena
	maʔa	-maʔa	-n	-t̪ʰin	mo:w	nakan	ʔa:	maʔa	kaxa:	-kʰena
	food	-eat	-ing	-not	he	because	I	food	give	-future
because he has not eaten I will give him food
EC

ʔoʔ mo:w maʔamaʔant̪ʰin nakan ʔa: maʔa kaxa:kʰena
	ʔoʔ	mo:w	maʔa	-maʔa	-n	-t̪ʰin	nakan	ʔa:	maʔa	kaxa:	-kʰena
	still	he	food	-eat	-ing	-not	because	I	food	give	-future
because he still has not eaten I will give him food (2)
EC

tsinakan t̪a pʰow k'o maʔanhaʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	pʰow	k'o	maʔa	-nha	-ʔ
	why	Q	they	not	eat	-not	-Q
why did they not eat (it)?
EC

tsinakan t̪a k'o maʔanhaʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	k'o	maʔa	-nha	-ʔ
	why	Q	not	eat	-not	-Q
why did (he) not eat (it)?
EC

mo:w maʔamaʔat̪ʰin nakan ʔa: mo:wal maʔa kaxa:kʰena
	mo:w	maʔa	-maʔa	-t̪ʰin	nakan	ʔa:	mo:wal	maʔa	kaxa:	-kʰena
	he	food	-eat	-not	because	I	him	food	give	-future
he hasn't eaten so I will give him food because he has not eaten I will feed him
EC

nan tsinakan t̪a ma k'o mu:l maʔanhaʔ
	nan	tsinakan	t̪a	ma	k'o	mu:l	maʔa	-nha	-ʔ
	and	why	Q	you	not	that	eat	-not	-Q
and why aren't you eating that?
EC

muukʰe ma-ʔe nakan pʰow muu pʰon
	muu	-kʰe	ma-ʔe	nakan	pʰow	muu	pʰo	-n
	there	-from	their father	because	they	there	live (plural)	-ing
because their father is from there, they are living there
EC

yem ʔul nant̪e ma-pʰane minʔi dakol nakan mo:w ma:dal min dode hin ba-tʰe t̪'a:ʔade

yem

ʔul

nant̪e

ma-pʰane

min

-ʔi

min

dode

-n

ba-tʰe

t̪'a:ʔad

-e

old

now

but

her daughter

thus

-adv.

wild

because

her

thus

make

say

-ing

her mother

think

-present

even though her daughter is old now, she is still wild; he made her that way, her mother thinks

t̪it̪i t̪ʰana he:ch' kolay subu nakan ma:n jaxaʔa
	t̪it̪i	t̪ʰana he:ch'	kol	-ay	subu	nakan	ma:n	jaxa	-ʔa
	her.logo.	fingernail	long	-plural	three	because	she	cut	-reflex.
because three of her fingernails were long, she cut them
EC

nakan kawiya baana:mpʰow pʰik'ana:mu:l xadin
	nakan	kawiya baa	-na:m	-pʰow	pʰik'a	-na:m	-mu:l	xadi	-n
	because	boy	-the	-they	basket	-the	-that	get	-ing
so then the boys were getting baskets
EC

kasi: koman nakan t̪o: ya: kanana
	kasi:	koma	-n	nakan	t̪o:	ya:	kanana
	cold	happen	-ing	because	me	bone	ache
it is cold (weather) so my bones ache
EC

nakan datʰaʔna:ma:n ma-ʔodal bel to: ji pʰiʔelim shina:t̪u t̪o: jalil ji diyuʔ nan

nakan

datʰaʔ

-na:m

-ma:n

ma-ʔod

-al

-l

-m

-t̪u

jalil

diyuʔ

-n

because

old woman

-the

-she

her daughter-in-law

-acc.

here

-dir.

head lice

-command

head

-from

just

head lice

lots

-ing

so then the old woman (said) to her daughter-in-law, "look for lice here! my head is just full of lice"

ma:n ditʰaldo nakan ʔa: ma:dal danat̪ye
	ma:n	ditʰal	-do	nakan	ʔa:	ma:dal	danat̪	-ye
	she	sick	-evid.	because	I	her	check in on	-past
I heard she was sick, so I visited her I consoled her because I heard she was sick I heard she was sick so I checked in on her
EC

t̪iʔ ma:na:m pʰak t̪iyi hin himi nakan ʔa: mu:l daxan

t̪iʔ

ma:

-na:m

pʰak

t̪iyi

-n

-mi

-n

his.logo.

land

-the

sell

he.logo.

say

-ing

say

-emph.

because

that

help

-ing

that one said he is selling his land, so I am helping him

ma:daʔ kaweyona:m Sam dats'apji nakan John ka:y
	ma:daʔ	kaweyo	-na:m	Sam	da-	-ts'ap	-ji	nakan	John	ka:y
	her	horse	-the	Sam	hand-	-slap	-semelf.	because	John	also
Sam slapped her horse so John did too because Sam slapped her horse, John also did
EC

Sam kaweyona:m dats'apji nakan John ka:y
	Sam	kaweyo	-na:m	da-	-ts'ap	-ji	nakan	John	ka:y
	Sam	horse	-the	hand-	-slap	-semelf.	because	John	also
Sam slapped the horse so John did too because Sam slapped the horse, John also did
EC

minakan muu t̪o: yowxayaʔkʰe hin shit̪t̪an
	min	-nakan	muu	t̪o:	yowxayaʔ	-kʰe	hi	-n	shit̪	-t̪a	-n
	thus	-because	there	me	Ukiah	-from	say	-ing	name	-mev.	-ing
so then there (they) named me (to be) from Ukiah
EC

nakan datʰaʔna:ma:n ts'it̪na:mu:l haywi pʰila:jin

nakan

datʰaʔ

-na:m

-ma:n

ts'it̪

-na:m

-mu:l

hay

-wi

pʰi-

-la:

-ji

-n

because

old woman

-the

-she

bird

-the

-that

stick

-with

with long object-

-swing and miss

-semelf.

-ing

so then the old woman swung at that bird with a stick (and missed)
so then the old lady tried to hit that bird with a stick

mo:w manaʔ shuʔun nakan
	mo:w	mana	-ʔ	shuʔun	nakan
	he	pay	-semelf.	cannot	because
because he cannot pay because he is unable to pay
ES

minakan mu:l xa:pʰit'aʔanya
	min	-nakan	mu:l	xa:pʰit'a	-ʔa	-n	-ya
	thus	-because	that	pity	-semelf.	-ing	-passive
that is why that one is pitied that is why (people) feel sorry for him
EC

tsinakan t̪a ma:n hala minnidiʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	ma:n	hala	minni	-di	-ʔ
	why	Q	she	again	pregnant	-present	-Q
why did she get pregnant again?
EC

nakan mil mo:wal jaw deyan
	nakan	mil	mo:wal	ja	-w	de	-ya	-n
	because	for.that	him	in	-dir.	bring	-passive	-ing
so then he is being arrested for that he is being brought in because of that
EC

nakan mil jaw deyan
	nakan	mil	ja	-w	de	-ya	-n
	because	for.that	in	-dir.	bring	-passive	-ing
so then (he) is being arrested for that (he) is being brought in because of that
EC

tsinakan t̪a ma mu:l jats'a:ʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	ma	mu:l	ja-	-ts'a:	-ʔ
	why	Q	you	that	rear-	-break	-Q
why did you break that?
EC

tsinakan t̪a ʔa: bow jimaʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	ʔa:	bow	jima	-ʔ
	why	Q	I	here	sit	-Q
why am I sitting here? why do I live here? what am I staying here for?
ES

tsinakan t̪a ma bow jimaʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	ma	bow	jima	-ʔ
	why	Q	you	here	live	-Q
why are you sitting here? why do you live here? what are you staying here for?
ES

tsinakan t̪a ya mo:wal pʰika:yamaʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	ya	mo:wal	pʰika:yama	-ʔ
	why	Q	we	him	laugh (plural)	-Q
why are we laughing at him? (3) what do we laugh at him for? (3)
ES

tsinakan t̪am ya mo:wal pʰika:yamaʔ
	tsinakan	t̪a	-m	ya	mo:wal	pʰika:yama	-ʔ
	why	Q	-that	we	him	laugh (plural)	-Q
why are we laughing at him? (4) what do we laugh at him for? (4)
ES

nan jalil ma:t'axadiyuʔ kʰe t̪unkana:mu:l nakan koneʔin

nan

jalil

ma:t'axadiyuʔ

kʰe

t̪unka

-na:m

-mu:l

nakan

-ne

-ʔi

-n

and

just

muddy

dress

-the

-that

because

out

-put

-reflex.

-ing

and my dress was just muddy so I took it off
and because my dress was just muddy, I took it off

muu k'ay nakan mo:w ʔuyt̪emkan wa:de
	muu	k'ay	nakan	mo:w	ʔuyt̪emkan	wa:de
	there	steep	because	he	slow	walk
it is steep there so he is walking slowly he walks slowly because it is steep there
EC

kawi dakol nakan ma:dal ʔa: bayi:de
	kawi	dakol	nakan	ma:dal	ʔa:	bayi:de
	child	wild	because	her	I	teach
because the child is wild, I am teaching her I am telling the child how (to behave) because she is wild
ES

mu:l pʰow ma:dal bayi:din nakan ma:n mu:l sha:n
	mu:l	pʰow	ma:dal	bayi:di	-n	nakan	ma:n	mu:l	sha:	-n
	that	they	her	teach	-ing	because	she	that	know	-ing
they are teaching her that so she knows that she knows that because they told her how
EC

k'o k'oʔo mo:wal na ʔa: k'o sha:nha nakan mu:l ʔa: t'iin mo:wal ʔa: donxale na

k'o

-nha

don

-xale

what

sick

him

not

know

-not

because

that

long time

him

make

-should

I do not know what sickness he has, so I should doctor him for a long time

diyuʔ janona:m nakan ʔa: k'o sha:nha
	diyuʔ	jano	-na:m	nakan	ʔa:	k'o	sha:	-nha
	lots	word	-the	because	I	not	know	-not
there are too many words so I do not know I don't know because there are so many words
ES

minʔi nanakan
	min	-ʔi	nanaka	-n
	thus	-adv.	try	-ing
trying like that keep trying
EC

kawi dakol nakan
	kawi	dakol	nakan
	child	wild	because
because the child is wild
ES

ma-pʰane dakol nakan ma:n mo:wal bana:ji
	ma-pʰane	dakol	nakan	ma:n	mo:wal	bana:	-ji
	her daughter	wild	because	she	him	blame	-semelf.
she blames him for her daughter being wild because her daughter is wild, she blames him
EC